Potential and Impacts of Smart Transformer in Green Harbours

Harbour grids are undergoing rapid transformation due to the increased interest in green harbour initiatives such as ship cold ironing, renewable energy integration, battery-powered marine vessels, etc. In this scenario, better controllability over the power flow is important to maintain the voltage and current quality within the grid-code specified limits and ensure a stable and efficient power supply. This paper aims to explore the potential of the smart transformer (ST) in providing various support features to green harbours. The features include the integration and control capability of ST in accommodating renewable energy sources, electric vehicle charging stations and storage. In addition, the impact of the ST in the green harbour is analyzed with the focus of addressing the key issues and challenges such as voltage variations, peak loads and poor power factor